Dyscalculia
Contents
SASC definition of a Specific Learning Difficulty in Mathematics (2025)
It should be noted that this definition is designed to support assessors in diagnosing dyscalculia.
Features: A specific learning difficulty in mathematics is a set of processing difficulties that affects the acquisition of arithmetic and other areas of mathematics.
In dyscalculia, the most commonly observed cognitive impairment is a pronounced and persistent difficulty with numerical magnitude processing and understanding that presents in age related difficulties with naming, ordering and comparing physical quantities and numbers, estimating and place value.
Some individuals may not present with a specific cognitive impairment in numerical magnitude processing but have an equally debilitating specific learning difficulty (SpLD in mathematics) due to other processing difficulties. Difficulties in language, executive function (verbal and visuo-spatial working memory, inhibitory control) and visual-spatial processing may also contribute.
Impact: Mathematics is a very varied discipline. Difficulties with learning mathematics may present in specific areas (for example, basic calculation) or across of the mathematics studied by the individual in relation to age, standard teaching and instruction, and level of other attainments. Across education systems and age groups, difficulties in arithmetic fluency and flexibility and mathematical problem solving are key markers of a SpLD in mathematics. Persistent difficulties in mathematics can have a significant impact on life, learning and work. This may also have a detrimental impact upon an individual鈥檚 resilience to apply mathematical skills effectively.
Presentation: The presentation and developmental trajectory of a specific learning difficulty (SpLD) in mathematics depends on the interactions of multiple genetic and environmental influences. It will persist through life but may change in manifestation and severity at different stages.
A SpLD in mathematics frequently co-occurs with one or more of the following: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, developmental language disorder (DLD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
Maths anxiety commonly co-occurs with a SpLD in mathematics but is not an indicator in itself.
(SASC, 2025)